Optical Fiber Cold Splicing and Fusion Splicing

Fiber cold splicing and fiber splicing

1. Cold connection of optical fiber

It is used to connect optical fiber or optical fiber butt pigtail, which is equivalent to making a joint (fiber butt pigtail refers to the butt joint of the fiber core of the optical fiber and the pigtail instead of the pigtail head mentioned in the former), and is used for this kind of cold splicing The thing is called a fiber optic cold splicer. The optical fiber cold joint is used when two pigtails are docked. The main part inside it is a precise V-shaped groove. After the two pigtails are pulled out, the cold joint is used to realize the docking of the two pigtails. It is easier and faster to operate, saving time than welding with a fusion splicer. There are generally two forms of cold splicing: the first is the on-site quick connector of the end; the second is the cold splicing of the optical fiber butt.

With the rapid development of FTTH fiber to the home, the demand for optical fiber cold connectors has also greatly increased.

Optical fiber quick connectors and optical fiber cold splices will play an irreplaceable role in FTTH access. The field termination technology of optical fiber quick connectors just solves this problem. It is convenient and fast without fusion splicing, and the connection cost is low, truly realizing access anytime and anywhere .

It is used to connect optical fiber or optical fiber butt pigtail, which is equivalent to making a joint (fiber butt pigtail refers to the butt joint of the fiber core of the optical fiber and the pigtail instead of the pigtail head mentioned in the former), and is used for this kind of cold splicing The thing is called a fiber optic cold splicer. The optical fiber cold joint is used when two pigtails are docked. The main part inside it is a precise V-shaped groove. After the two pigtails are pulled out, the cold joint is used to realize the docking of the two pigtails. It is easier and faster to operate, saving time than welding with a fusion splicer.

2. Optical cable welding

Optical cable fusion is a meticulous work, especially in the aspects of end face preparation, welding, fiber coiling, etc., requiring the operator to observe carefully, consider carefully, and operate in a standardized manner.

When light is transmitted in the optical fiber, it will generate loss, which is mainly composed of the transmission loss of the optical fiber itself and the fusion loss at the optical fiber joint. Once the optical cable is ordered, the transmission loss of the optical fiber itself is basically determined, while the fusion loss at the optical fiber joint is related to the optical fiber itself and on-site construction. Efforts to reduce the splicing loss at the fiber joint can increase the transmission distance of the fiber relay and increase the attenuation margin of the fiber link.

3. The difference between cold splicing and welding

Hot Melt

Need to use a fusion splicer and fiber cutter. To connect two optical fibers, no other auxiliary materials are needed. The advantage is stable quality and small splicing loss (about 0.03 to 0.05). The disadvantage is that the equipment cost is too high and the power storage capacity of the equipment is limited .Field work love limit.

cold splicing

You don’t need too much equipment, just a fiber cutter. But each joint needs a quick connector (it can be said to be the mainstream operation in the future). It costs about 5 to 10 yuan. The advantage is that it is easy to operate and suitable for field operations. Large. About 0.1 to 0.2dB per point. "Cold joints" At present, there are few domestic manufacturers that can directly produce, and the cost is high. There is no room for choice in terms of business and technical services. The second is the use of matching in cold joints. Liquid, due to less use and short time, the aging problem needs the test of time.

4. Main Factors Affecting Optical Fiber Splicing Loss

There are many factors affecting the fiber splicing loss, which can be roughly divided into two types: intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors.

1. Intrinsic factors of optical fiber refer to the factors of optical fiber itself. There are four main points.

(1) The fiber mode field diameter is inconsistent;

(2) The core diameters of the two optical fibers are mismatched;

(3) The core section is not round;

(4) The concentricity between the core and the cladding is not good.

2. The extrinsic factor affecting the fiber splicing loss is the splicing technology.

3.The influence of other factors. The splicing personnel's operation level, operation steps, fiber coil process level, electrode cleanliness in the fusion splicer, welding parameter settings, and cleanliness of the working environment will all affect the value of the splice loss.