Fiber selection and wiring skills

Regarding the attenuation of optical fiber signals, it is mainly divided into two aspects: internal attenuation and external attenuation. Intrinsic attenuation is determined by the material the fiber is made of, while extrinsic attenuation is closely related to the construction process. So in terms of reducing intrinsic attenuation, we have to learn to choose the right fiber. Also note that different environments choose different fibers.

ZR Cable fiber optic wiring

Fiber types used in three common environments:

1. If the transmission distance is less than 2km, you can choose multi-mode fiber. If it exceeds 2km, you can use relay or single-mode fiber.

2. When selecting optical fibers used in buildings, attention should be paid to their flame retardant, toxic and smoke characteristics. Generally, the type of flame retardant but smoke can be used in the pipeline or forced ventilation; if it is in an exposed environment, the type of flame retardant, non-toxic and smoke-free should be used.

3. When the outdoor optical cable is directly buried, the armored optical cable should be selected. When overhead, an optical fiber with a black plastic outer jacket with two or more reinforcing ribs can be used.

There are several basic requirements for fiber optic cabling:

1. The detection optical fiber is stored in the cable reel, and the protective packaging is reserved before installation, and the cable reel is kept upright to prevent the cable from falling and damaging the detection optical fiber. During storage and transportation, always pay attention to detecting the bending radius and tension limit of the optical fiber.

2. During the optical fiber wiring process, the tensile force of Φ0.9 fiber is less than 4Kg; the tensile force of Φ3 fiber is less than 10Kg; the tensile force of armored fiber is less than 30Kg

3. When on-site optical fiber payout, use a slender rod to pass through the center of the fiber winding reel horizontally, and rotate the reel to pay off. It is forbidden to put the optical fiber reel upright on the ground, and rotate the optical fiber from the reel to pay off.

4. The end of the optical fiber away from the temperature measuring host should be treated as follows: take the last 30 cm long Φ0.9 optical fiber (if there is a sheath or armor, remove it), and wrap the optical fiber in a small circle with a diameter of 1 cm for 10 turns.

5. The bending radius of the detection fiber must be greater than 30mm, and the detection fiber should not be severely worn or crushed when passing through walls or pipes.

6. When multiple optical fibers pass through the same long metal or PVC pipe, it is necessary to ensure that the optical fibers are passed through at one time, and the optical fibers cannot be passed through several times.

7. The detection fiber is prohibited from falling, vigorously twisting, gravitational impact, overstretching, etc., to avoid the detection of fiber core breakage.

8. The type and specification of the optical fiber used in the project should meet the design regulations and requirements.

The following points should also be considered during construction:

1. Before carrying out fiber optic wiring, be sure to select strictly trained technicians for fiber termination and maintenance. In addition, very complete design and construction drawings must be prepared for convenient and reliable construction and future inspections.

2. Be careful not to put the optical cable under heavy pressure during the wiring process, and place the optical cable carefully to prevent it from being worn and punctured by hard objects. Also, the traction force should not exceed the maximum lay tension.

3. The length of one laying should not be too long (usually 2km, when wiring, it should be pulled from the middle to both sides).

4. In the process of laying optical fibers, the influence of bends should also be considered. Generally, the turning of the fiber should be greater than 20 times the diameter of the fiber itself.

5. If the wiring needs to pass through walls and floors, be sure to add a protective plastic tube with a mouth guard to the optical fiber, and fill the tube with flame-retardant filler. A certain amount of plastic pipes can also be pre-laid in the building.

6. When optical fibers are used in the backbone network, at least 6-core optical cables should be used in the wiring room of each floor, and 12-core optical cables can be used as far as possible for advanced applications. This is considered from three aspects: application, backup and expansion.

7. The most important thing for long-distance optical fiber laying is to choose a suitable path. The shortest path is not necessarily the most ideal, and attention should also be paid to the use rights of the land, the possibility of erection or burial, etc.

8. When laying in mountainous areas and high-voltage power grid areas, pay attention to the reliable grounding of metal objects in the optical fiber. Generally, there are 3 grounding points per kilometer, or non-metallic optical fibers are used.

Fiber optic cabling is the trend and has slowly become the dominant communication medium. In the near future, since the optical fiber can be equipped with no wiring room and active hardware, the cost of intermediate links can be saved, and the total cost can be greatly reduced, so the application of optical fiber to the desktop will also be realized.