Data center computer room wiring design scheme

Data center room wiring scheme

1 Overview

Currently, we are in an era of information explosion, and the amount of data storage is not only calculated in KB, MB, GB or even TB. In the near future, people will be talking about PB (1petabyte=1,000terabytes) Even EB (1exabyte=1,000petabytes). In an enterprise's IT infrastructure, the data center is the master control center for data and business applications. Data centers gather the most expensive servers, storage and network equipment, and are responsible for the arduous task of data storage and access. The construction of the data center should be oriented to the development of enterprise business and provide comprehensive business support for the enterprise. This support covers customer, enterprise business, enterprise data and decision support.

With the increase in the number of high-density blade servers and storage devices in data centers, data centers are faced with a series of severe challenges such as network performance, heat dissipation, space, and energy consumption. According to research data released by Gartner Research, the world's largest independent technology research company, due to the lack of flexible and high-performance integrated wiring planning, half of the data centers built before 2002 need to be upgraded or eliminated before 2008.

Therefore, building a complete, high-standard, new-generation data center that meets current and future requirements needs to meet the following requirements:

•High reliability - standard-based open system, pre-tested to ensure the system is stable and reliable 7*24 hours.

• High performance - to meet the current network transmission requirements, support at least 1G or 10G or even higher transmission rates

• High density - saves space and facilitates heat dissipation of equipment.

•Maintainability-beautiful and elegant, adapt to frequent changes in demand and facilitate MAC maintenance.

• Scalability - fully consider future business growth and support future expansion needs.

This design will be based on the principles of advancement, reliability and practicability, to meet the current application needs of users, and fully consider the future technology development trends and possible needs. Provide users with comprehensive solutions with long-term benefits.

ZR Cable data center room

2. Design standards

TIA-942 Standard for Communication Facilities in Data Center Computer Room

Code for engineering design of integrated wiring system for buildings and buildings GB/T 50311-2007;

Construction and building complex wiring system engineering acceptance specification GB/T 50312-2007;

International Integrated Wiring Standard ISO/IEC 11801

North American Building Communication Line Spacing Standard TIA/EIA 569;

North American Commercial Building Communication Infrastructure Management Specification TIA/EIA 606;

Unshielded twisted pair wiring test standard TIA/EIA TSB67;

North American Commercial Building Telecommunications Grounding Requirements TIA/EIA 607;

European integrated wiring system standard BN50173;

Other national and industry standards;

3. TIA-942 data center computer room communication facility standard

Bending radius: 4 x cable diameter

Conductor Impedance: 66.58 ohms/km max

In April 2005, the American Communications Industry Council TIA released the data center equipment room communication facility standard, which provides specifications and suggestions for the design and installation of data centers, including: building structure, space layout, safety, energy saving, grounding, mechanical and fire protection.

Data center area division

According to this standard, a typical data center should include the following basic areas,

1. ER, provides the interconnection between the data center and the external network. The connection of the service provider (SP) first enters the ER. In many data centers, the ER is placed directly in the computer room (CR). For security, access The computer room (ER) is best separated from the computer room

2. MDA is the core management area of ​​the data center, generally located in the CR center. MDA includes core routers, core switches, PBX, IMux, cabinets/racks, etc. The wire racks should be mounted to different cabinets/racks. MDA should be designed as far as possible in the center of the computer room, so as not to exceed the wiring distance requirement of 90 meters

3. The MDA area patch panel can be installed in the cabinet or rack. The advantages of the cabinet are safety and beauty. The advantages of the rack are heat dissipation and convenient management.

4. HDA is the horizontal management area of ​​the data center, generally located in the center of the computer room (CR), HDA includes LAN switches, horizontal distribution frames, etc., generally no more than 2000 information points managed by one HDA, the same as MDA, HDA fiber The patch panel and the copper cable patch panel should be separated. There are more than 2000 information points, and multiple HDAs need to be set up

5. EDA, the area used to store equipment, including network equipment and communication equipment. In order to facilitate heat dissipation, the cabinets/racks in the EDA area are reasonably placed according to the ventilation corridor (cool aisle) and the non-ventilation corridor (hot aisle).

6. ZDA, located in the middle of EDA and HAD, ZDA is suitable for areas where equipment often moves or changes, ZDA can be a cabinet or rack, or a collection point box, (installed on a column, under the floor or on a movable floor).

data center class

TIA-942 is divided into 4 tiers according to the importance of the data center (tier)

Tier1: The most basic configuration, without redundant design and air conditioning facilities, allowing a maximum downtime of 28.8 hours/year

Tier4: The most expensive configuration, must have UPS and air conditioning facilities, allow a maximum downtime of 0.4 hours/year, in addition must use biometric access control system, must be equipped with gas fire extinguishing system, multiple backup wiring ducts, trunk must be redundant Remain.

Tier 1 and Tier 2 are sufficient for general enterprise data centers, while Tier 3 and Tier 4 are suitable for governments and financial institutions. For IDC, due to the existence of a large number of hosting services, Tier 4 must be followed.

Data Center Cabling Considerations

The TIA/EIA942 standard gives many recommendations for data center cabling:

Fully consider future growth needs and reserve sufficient space for expansion

Using single-mode or OM3 multi-mode fiber (10GBase-SR 300 meters)

Use Cat6 (10GBase-T 37 meters) or Cat6A copper cable or Cat6A shielded copper cable (10GBase-T 100 meters)

Adopt high-density, modular wiring system (such as MPO, MRJ21)

The data center belongs to the "forced ventilation" area, and it is recommended to use CMP/OFNP fire rated cables for wiring.

Based on the convenience of management, different cabinets/racks are used for optical fiber, twisted pair and coaxial cable.

Equipment heat dissipation and air convection should be considered, and the placement of cabinets/racks should be reasonably arranged according to the ventilation area (cool aisle) and the non-ventilation area (hot aisle).

Cross-connect is recommended. The cross connection only needs to complete the MAC through the jumper, which reduces the management and maintenance time; the reliability and availability are high. The traditional direct connection method (Direct connect) is unreliable, and the MAC (moving, adding, changing) needs to be rewired, and TIA/EIA942 is not recommended.

Data center equipment heat dissipation and air convection are very important for network stability. According to whether the floor is ventilated, the data center is divided into non-ventilated corridors (Hot Aisle) and ventilation corridors (cold aisle). In the ventilation corridor (cold aisle), cabinets/ The racks are placed face-to-face, with cool air blown out from under the floor, in from the front of the cabinets/racks, and out from the rear. Unventilated corridors (Hot Aisle), with cabinets/racks placed back-to-back, cool air blown in from the front and out from the back In addition, in order to increase air convection, the anti-static floor should be as high as possible.

4. Scheme design

The integrated wiring system of the data center computer room is planned according to the 4-level central computer room.

The specific design is as follows:

(1) The integrated wiring system adopts a star topology, which is divided into the main distribution area (MDA), the horizontal distribution area (HAD), and the equipment area (EDA). inside a cabinet.

(2) 8-core indoor OM3 multimode fiber is used between the main distribution area (MDA) and the horizontal distribution area (HDA) of the equipment room, supporting 10G 10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 300 meters and 1000Base-SX up to 550 meters. Compatible with current 1G, 100Mbps, 10Mbps Ethernet applications. A 48-core LC optical fiber distribution frame is installed in the main distribution area (MDA) cabinet, and the indoor optical cable is spliced ​​by LC pigtail fusion. .

(3) The horizontal distribution area (HDA) and the equipment area (EDA) are connected by six types of unshielded twisted pair cables. - Performance requirements for network applications such as T, 100BASE-Tx, etc. A 12-core LC optical fiber distribution frame is installed in each horizontal distribution area (HDA) cabinet. The indoor optical cable is spliced ​​by LC pigtail fusion on site. The number of LC-LC optical fiber jumpers is based on the number of fiber cores: 1 scale equipped. The copper cable distribution frame in the horizontal distribution area (HDA) cabinet adopts the cross-connection of two six types of distribution frames, one of which is used to interconnect the distribution frame of the equipment area (EDA), and the other is used to connect the distribution frame of the equipment area (EDA). to interconnect with the switch.

(4) Each cabinet in the equipment area (EDA) is reserved for 15 servers, installs a 24-port Category 6 patch panel, and uses RJ45 jumpers to connect to the servers.

Main Distribution Area (MDA) Design Notes

The interconnection from the main distribution area (MDA) to each horizontal distribution area (HAD) uses an 8-core OM3 10 Gigabit multimode indoor optical cable. The OM3 10 Gigabit multimode optical fiber cable adopts a unique reinforced 50µm fiber core to solve high-speed data transmission without causing digital overlap and bit errors. It supports laser or light-emitting diode (LED) light sources, and supports two wavelengths of 850nm or 1300nm. When the wavelength is 850nm, it can support 10G 10 Gigabit Ethernet 10GBase-SR up to 300 meters and 1000Base-SX up to 900 meters, and is backward compatible with current 100Mbps and 10Mbps Ethernet applications.

Since optical network equipment (such as 1000Base-SX) in the 850nm window can use vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as a light source instead of a laser light source, VCSEL is a high-performance, low-cost optical transceiver, optical The performance is close to the laser light source, and the cost is only one tenth of the laser light source. Therefore, the use of OM3 fiber is a cost-effective 10G network cabling solution, which can greatly reduce the investment of 10G network equipment and make the overall investment of the entire network system more economical.

Indoor optical cable adopts tight casing structure, the casing tightly surrounds the optical fiber to provide mechanical protection, the structure is dry without gel, easy to handle, light weight, no metal materials, can be installed in bridges, pipes or suspended on overhead cables superior.

Technical parameters of 8-core indoor OM3 10G optical cable

Standard: Comply with TIA/EIA-568-B.3, IEC 793-1/794-1 and ISO/IEC 11801(2002), ITU 652

l Structure: layered loose tube, non-metallic lightning protection type

Working temperature range: -40～70℃

Fire rating: In line with UL laboratory OFNR fire rating.

Multimode fiber specification: 50\125um, meeting IEEE802.3ae, ISO/IEC OM3 10 Gigabit multimode fiber standard

LED emission bandwidth: 850nm: 1500MHZ/Km 1300nm: 500MHZ/Km

Laser emission bandwidth: 850nm: 2000MHZ/Km 1300nm: 500MHZ/Km

Maximum attenuation: 850nm: 3.5dB/Km 1300nm: 1.5dB/Km

Transmission distance: 1000Base-SX 2-900m

1000Base-LX 2-550m

10GBase-SR 2-300m

10GBase-LX4 2-300m

Sheath diameter: 4.8mm

Minimum endurance test 0.2kpsi

Bending attenuation (100 turns, diameter 75mm) 0.5dB/Km

Installation maximum pulling force: 667N

Long time maximum pulling force: 167N

Instant minimum bending radius: 108mm

Minimum bending radius for a long time: 54mm

Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA) Design Notes

In order to improve the stability of the network equipment in the data center room and minimize the plugging and unplugging of network equipment jumpers, the horizontal distribution cabinet in the horizontal distribution area (HDA) is cross-connected with two distribution frames, one of which is connected to each other. The switch is connected by RJ45-110 mode, and the other patch panel is connected to the six types of patch panels in the equipment area (EDA) server cabinet by 110-110 mode using six types of unshielded twisted pairs.

Category 6 unshielded twisted pair is a transmission medium with better performance and price on the market at present. The conductor diameter is 23AW, with a cross in the middle. Its performance indicators meet and exceed ANSI/EIA/TIA-568B.2-1 standards and ISO/ The IEC 11801(2002) Class E standard ensures that the transmission medium bandwidth within 100 meters reaches and exceeds: 250Mhz. Category 6 unshielded twisted pair can provide at least 8dB higher performance margin than ANSI/EIA/TIA-568B.2-1 standard and ISO/IEC 11801(2002) Class E standard at 250MHZ frequency. the transmission rate of the cable and provide additional bandwidth for future applications.

Six types of UTP cable technical indicators:

·Exceed the technical index requirements of EIA/TIA-586B.2-1 standard.

· Cables that fully meet and exceed Category 6 standards with a cross in the middle;

Core wire specification: 23AWG, outer diameter 6.4mm;

Propagation delay: max 536 ns/100 m. 250 MHz

Delay skew: 45 ns max

Mutual capacitance: 5.6 nF/100 m max

Maximum withstand voltage: 300 volts AC or DC

Characteristic impedance: 100W±15W; 1 MHz to 600 MHz

·CM fire retardant standard;

· Supports Gigabit Ethernet applications.

Category 6 patch panel adopts modular design for easy installation and maintenance, each module

can be replaced independently. Category 6 patch panels are made of fire-resistant, corrosion-resistant materials and provide a 25-year performance guarantee. The patch panel information socket can be installed quickly and reliably. It can install 8 wires at a time, keep the wire pairs twisted with each other, provide better string winding performance, and reduce the labor cost of on-site installation. The rear of the patch panel information socket has a protective cover to ensure reliable installation and prevent loose contact during maintenance.

6 types of distribution frame technical indicators:

19″24 interface (1U);

·Modular design, can be disassembled separately and installed in the front;

·With cable protection cover, no need for rear cable management frame;

Compliant with ISO/IEC, TIA recommends Category 6 E-level link specifications;

Protection device: with cable protection cover behind the socket

RJ-45 socket contact pins: 8 contact pins cross each other

110 terminal: 45 degree bevel

Durability:

RJ-45 socket: 1500 mating times

110 terminals: 2000 SL tool crimps

Rated voltage: 94V

Transmission bandwidth ≥ 250MHz

Fire rating: meet the requirements of UL flame retardant standards, UL file E81956

Working temperature: -40 to 70℃.

Installation: The installation tool terminates eight wires at a time.

In order to facilitate the management of jumpers and keep the cabinet clean and beautiful, a 1U height horizontal cable management frame is configured according to the ratio of 1:1 with the distribution frame.

Equipment Area (EDA) Design Notes

Each cabinet in the equipment area (EDA) is pre-installed with a Category 6 24-port unshielded distribution frame to manage the network equipment in the equipment cabinet. The equipment cabinet in the equipment area (EDA) adopts the original Category 6 2-meter length. Install jumpers, and the number of jumpers is equipped according to the ratio of 2:1.

RJ4-5 jumper technical indicators

·High-performance Category 6 jumper, 24AWG (0.51mm) flexible wire, suitable for changing environment.

·Enhanced modular crystal head design can fully guarantee the superior performance of the new 1G solution.

·The shielding design of patent technology keeps the performance stable.

·Completely meet or exceed the requirements of the six categories of standards.

· Compatible with traditional Category 5 and Category 5e systems.

Cabinet

The data center equipment rooms are all 19-inch sealed cabinets, equipped with standard power sockets and cooling fans, for placing wiring equipment and network equipment. The cabinet is made of metal spray plastic, and is equipped with a special power distribution terminal for network equipment, where network equipment can be placed together.

Computer room grounding design

There are a lot of electronic equipment in the data center room. In order to protect the safety of the equipment and people, all equipment with metal shells in the data center room, including pipes, bridges, water pipes, and cabinets, must be grounded.

Along the inner wall of the data center computer room, install the general grounding bar (TMGB) in the wiring room, the static leakage grounding bar (TGB) of metal bridges, cable ladders, water pipes, and anti-static floors, etc., through copper wires with a diameter of 6mm² and an insulating layer to connect in parallel. It is connected to this by means of a method; in the data center room, a mesh copper collector bar (TGB) fixed to the ground by insulators is arranged under the floor to provide grounding for electronic equipment; copper wires with a diameter of 4mm² with an insulating layer are used to connect the equipment and cabinets to the nearby collectors. lined up.

The grounding DC resistance is required to be less than 3.5 ohms, and the grounding voltage is less than 1V R.M.S.

ZR Cable focuses on the research and development and sales of optical fiber communication products. Optical communication products include standard product optical cables, optical fiber jumpers Cables, mpo/mtp data centers, optical fiber distribution frames, etc., at ZR Cable you can buy all optical communication products in one stop.