Common fiber failures and their solutions

The thin fiber is encapsulated in a plastic jacket that allows it to bend without breaking. Generally, a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser beam is used to transmit light pulses to the optical fiber by the transmitting device at one end of the optical fiber, and the receiving device at the other end of the optical fiber uses a photosensitive element to detect the pulses.

In daily life, optical fibers are used for long-distance information transmission because the conduction loss of light in optical fibers is much lower than that of electricity in wires.

Usually the terms optical fiber and optical cable are confused. Most optical fibers must be coated with several layers of protective structures before use, and the coated cable is called a fiber optic cable. The protective layer and insulating layer of the outer layer of the optical fiber can prevent the damage of the optical fiber from the surrounding environment, such as water, fire, electric shock, etc.

Optical cable is divided into: cable sheath, aramid fiber, buffer layer and optical fiber. Fiber optic and coaxial cables are similar, just without the mesh shield. At the center is the glass core where light travels.

In a multimode optical fiber, the core diameters are two kinds, 50 μm and 62.5 μm, which are roughly equivalent to the thickness of a human hair. The diameter of the single-mode fiber core is 8 μm~10 μm, and 9/125 μm is commonly used. The core is surrounded by a glass envelope with a lower refractive index than the core, commonly known as the cladding, which keeps the light within the core. On the outside is a thin plastic jacket, or coating, that protects the cladding.

Optical fibers are usually bundled and protected by a jacket. The fiber core is usually a double-layer concentric cylinder made of quartz glass with a small cross-sectional area, which is brittle and easy to break, so an external protective layer is required.

Fiber Failure Solutions

Note: 9/125μm refers to the core of the fiber is 9μm, the cladding is 125μm, 9/125μm is an important feature of the single-mode fiber, 50/125μm refers to the core of the fiber is 50μm, the cladding is 125μm, 50/ 125μm is an important feature of multimode fiber.

Among them, the BRICS optical cable plan is a submarine optical cable project that directly connects the five BRICS countries. The total length of the project is 34,000 kilometers, of which the submarine optical cable directly connecting the five BRICS countries is about 24,000 kilometers long.

In 2013, global 100G fiber revenue is expected to exceed $1 billion for the first time. The company analyzed the financial results of the global optical network market in the first quarter of 2013 and found some trends, including a disappointing trend that the overall growth of the market remains difficult, with only Japan's Fuji Corporation increasing profits year-on-year.

While it's not uncommon for the fiber market to experience a recession in the first quarter, the drop is worrying because it was the fifth straight quarter of the market's decline and quarterly revenue was the lowest in six years.

The situation of 100G optical fiber is relatively optimistic, showing strong growth both quarter-on-quarter and year-on-year. In the first quarter of 2013, shipments of 100G optical fibers increased by 41% compared with the fourth quarter of 2012, and revenue increased by 24% compared with the fourth quarter of 2012. On this basis, annual revenue is expected to exceed $1 billion for the first time. In the first quarter of 2013, 20 suppliers sold 100G optical fibers, and more manufacturers will join the market competition. Suppliers are cautiously optimistic, with short-term orders rising and long-term orders not optimistic.

Optical fiber, short for optical fiber, is a fiber made of glass or plastic that acts as a light-transmitting tool. Optical fiber network is very useful in life. Once a fault occurs, it will cause great trouble. How to troubleshoot common faults and troubleshooting methods of optical fiber network becomes more and more important.

First, whether the indicator light of the optical fiber transceiver or optical fiber module and the twisted pair port indicator light are on

If the optical port (FX) indicator of the transceiver is not on, please confirm whether the optical fiber link is cross-linked; one end of the fiber jumper is connected in parallel; the other end is connected in cross-connection. If the optical port (FX) indicator of the A transceiver is on, and the optical port (FX) indicator of the B transceiver is not on, the fault is on the A transceiver side: one possibility is: the A transceiver (TX) optical transmission port has been Bad, because the optical port (RX) of the B transceiver cannot receive the optical signal; another possibility is: there is a problem with this optical fiber link of the optical transmission port of the A transceiver (TX) (the optical cable or optical jumper may be broken ).

The twisted pair (TP) indicator is not on, please check whether the twisted pair cable is connected incorrectly or is connected incorrectly. Please use a continuity tester to test; some transceivers have two RJ45 ports: (To HUB) indicates that the connection cable connected to the switch is a straight-through cable; (To Node) indicates that the connection cable connected to the switch is a crossover cable; There is an MPR switch on the side: it means that the connection line connecting the switch is a straight-through line; DTE switch: the connection line connecting the switch is a cross-line method.

Second, use the optical power meter to detect

The luminous power of the optical fiber transceiver or optical module under normal conditions: multi-mode: between -10db--18db; single-mode 20km: between -8db--15db; single-mode 60km: between -5db--12db ;If the luminous power of the optical fiber transceiver is between: -30db--45db, then it can be judged that there is a problem with the transceiver.

Third, whether the half/full duplex mode is wrong

Some transceivers have FDX switches on the side: full duplex; HDX switches: half duplex.

Fourth, whether the optical cable and optical fiber jumper are broken

a. Optical cable on-off detection: use a laser flashlight, sunlight, or illuminator to illuminate one end of the optical cable connector or coupler; see if there is visible light at the other end? If there is visible light, it means that the optical cable is not broken.

b. On-off detection of optical fiber connection: use laser flashlight, sunlight, etc. to illuminate one end of the optical fiber jumper; see if there is visible light at the other end? If there is visible light, it means that the fiber jumper is not broken.