The role and working principle of fiber optic couplers

Optical fiber coupler (Coupler), also known as splitter (Splitter), connector, adapter, flange, is an electrical-optical-electrical conversion device that transmits electrical signals with light as a medium, and is used to realize optical signal split/combination. It belongs to the field of optical passive components and is used in telecommunication networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop systems, and local area networks. The following will tell you in detail the role of fiber optic couplers.

ZR Cable Fiber Coupler

Classification of fiber optic couplers

Fiber optic couplers are generally divided into three categories:

Star/Tree Coupler

Standard coupler: double branch, unit 1X2, that is to combine the optical signal into two powers

Wavelength multiplexer: also known as WDM, generally the wavelength belongs to high-density separation, that is, the wavelength spacing is narrow, which is WDM

Principle of Fiber Coupler

Optical fiber coupler is a device for detachable (active) connection between optical fiber and optical fiber. It precisely butts the two end faces of optical fiber, so that the light energy output from the transmitting fiber can be coupled to the receiving fiber to the maximum extent. And make it intervene in the optical link to minimize the impact on the system.

For a waveguide fiber coupler, it is generally a component with a Y-shaped branch, and the optical signal input by a fiber can be equally divided by it. When the opening angle of the branch circuit of the coupler increases, the light leaking into the cladding will increase to increase the excess loss, so the opening angle is generally within 30°, so the length of the waveguide fiber coupler cannot be too short.

The role of fiber optic couplers

The optocoupler consists of two parts: a light source and a light receiver. The light-emitting source and the light-receiver are assembled in the same closed casing, and are isolated from each other by a transparent insulator. The pin of the light-emitting source is the input end, and the pin of the light receiver is the output end.

The function of optical fiber couplers is to realize optical signal splitting/combining, or components used to extend optical fiber links. applicable to.

A. Convert optical signals into electrical signals

B. Coupling multimode signals into single mode signals

C. Make the cross-section fiber holes of the two fiber connectors conduct

D. The technical indicators of the optical fiber coupler to connect the two groups of optical signals to each other

(1) Insertion loss.

(2) Additional losses.

(3) Spectral ratio.

4) Isolation.

Also, uniformity, return loss, directivity, PDL.