ADSS optical cable

1 ADSS cable overview

1.1 The structure of ADSS optical cable ADSS is the abbreviation of All Dielectric Self-Supporting aerial optical cable in English, which means "all-dielectric self-supporting optical cable", and its structure does not contain any metal materials. ADSS fiber optic cable structure is currently divided into two categories: layer stranding and central bundle tube.

1.2 Selection of optical cable hanging point Since the high-voltage induced electric field has strong electrical corrosion to the optical cable, the optical cable hanging point should be selected at a position with a small field strength: AT sheath ≤ 25KV/m, generally used for overhead power lines of 110 KV and above ;PE sheath <12KV/m, generally used for overhead power lines of 35KV and below.

The projection of the optical cable in both the horizontal and vertical directions should not cross the ground wire of the conductor. In order to avoid the collision (also known as whiplash) between the cable and the conductor and the ground wire when the wind deflects and creeps. In addition, the optical cable should not collide and rub against the tower.

When the above conditions are met, the force on the line tower is the smallest.

For the 220KV line, it is recommended to hang the optical fiber cable of the tensile tower on the first layer of the cross arm, at the first node in the direction of the side conductor. The double-loop optical cable is hung at the middle intersection of the first-layer cross-arm and the second-layer cross-arm. The cement door-type pole optical cable is hung under the cross arm of the pole and tower, and the position between 300mm-500mm above the cable hoop.

For 110KV lines, tension towers, portal poles, double-circuit iron towers or single poles of steel pipes, and single poles of cement, because there is no electric corrosion problem of electric field strength, the optical cable is recommended to be hung between 300mm-500mm under the cross arm of the first layer. Location. The corner door-type pole optical cable is hung between 1m and 1.5m on the first layer of the cross arm. The cat head tower optical cable is hung at the node position of the turning point of the cross arm.

For 35KV and 10KV lines, the optical cable can be hung under the cross arm, which is a more suitable position on the communication line.

ADSS optical cable construction

2 Basic technical requirements for the construction of ADSS optical cables

2.1 Safety distance for live line tower operation The location selection of the optical cable hanging point satisfies the safety distance requirement of "working on live line towers". (Minimum distance from live wire: 110KV≥1.5m, 220KV≥3.0m). According to the "Safety Regulations", the installation of ADSS optical cables on live lines can be regarded as work on live line towers. Therefore, the minimum distance between the operator's range of activities and the tools and materials they carry should not be less than the above-mentioned safe distance from the live wire (110KV is not less than 1.5 meters, 220KV is not less than 3.0 meters). Insulated non-polar ropes, insulated safety belts, and insulated tools must be used during construction. The wind power should not be greater than level 5, and special personnel should be set up to monitor them. If the above conditions cannot be met, construction should be carried out according to live work or power outage.

2.2 Tension and side pressure requirements during construction The glass fiber core in the ADSS optical cable is very easy to break, and will be damaged by stretching and side pressure. Therefore, the optical cable cannot be squeezed or stretched beyond the standard when the optical cable is installed. During construction, a tension pay-off machine should be used for tension pay-off, the traction tension should be stable, the traction tension should not exceed the index requirements, and the tension and lateral pressure during the erection of ADSS optical cables should not be too large (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

2.3 Requirements for ADSS cable outer sheath

The flat and smooth surface of the outer sheath of the ADSS optical cable can effectively reduce electrical corrosion. If the outer sheath of the optical cable is worn, scratched, or ruptured, the optical cable will be corroded and damaged in a short time. , branches, houses, spanning racks, towers, cable tray edges and other objects friction and collision, can not use metal tools to scratch the optical cable.

2.4 Requirements for ADSS cable bending radius

There is a limit to the bending of ADSS optical cable. Exceeding the limit will cause damage. The bending radius index of the optical cable is as follows:

The bending radius of the optical cable during construction is ≥30D (D is the diameter of the optical cable)

The bending radius of the optical cable during operation is ≥20D (D is the diameter of the optical cable)

2.5 ADSS cable other requirements

The longitudinal twist of ADSS optical cable will cause damage, so non-polar insulated braided traction rope and anti-twist device must be used during construction.

The glass fiber core in the ADSS optical cable will be broken after being damp and water, so during construction, whether it is an opening test or after the construction, the end of the optical cable must be sealed with a waterproof tape.

The model, length, number of cores, span and matching hardware configuration of each reel of optical cable are different, and are produced according to the design of the design institute. Each cable has a uniform number, and each number corresponds to a certain base tower in a certain line. Therefore, the cables shall not be arbitrarily adjusted during construction. Optical cable fittings are designed and produced according to the diameter, tension and span of each optical cable, and cannot be replaced at will. The construction team must strictly follow the cable reel and hardware configuration table designed by the design institute to carry out the construction of optical cable exhibition.

There must be enough excess cable on the pole tower at the splice box of each reel of optical cables, and the length of the excess cable of the splice is ≥ the height of the optical cable hanging point from the ground + 25 meters. After the optical cable enters the equipment room, there must be enough excess cable. After the optical cable enters the equipment room and reaches the installation position, the length of the excess cable is ≥25 meters.

Under the premise of ensuring a safe distance, the installation height of the optical cable splice box and the remaining cable reel is ≥10M from the ground. When conditions permit, the installation position should be raised as much as possible.

3 Preparations before construction of ADSS optical cable

3.1 Personnel preparation 1. Personnel participating in the construction of optical cable racks must be trained in this technical specification and pass the examination.

2. Personnel working at heights, tractor drivers, surveyors and car drivers must have the qualification certificate for the professional examination.

3. The commander or the person in charge of the construction of each process of the erection construction must choose an experienced line technician.

Fourth, the optical cable rack facility organization is generally divided into safety supervision coordination group, preparation group, exhibition traction rope group, optical cable exhibition tension line group, the specific division of labor is as follows:

Tasks of the Safety Supervision Coordination Group:

1. Responsible for the organization and coordination of construction, safety and quality inspection.

2. Responsible for external coordination. Responsible for the logistics of contacting power outages, suspension of flights, crossing over, compensation for young crops, etc.

3. Assign an experienced safety technician to follow the pulling end of the optical cable, check the junctions, obstacles, crossings, sharp turns, etc. of the optical cable over the pulley along the way, and quickly stop the pulling at any time if any abnormality is found, and troubleshoot (public account: input distribution lines).

Tasks to prepare the group:

1. Clear line passage obstacles;

2. Inventory and transportation of optical cables and hardware materials;

3. Set up a spanning frame.

The task of laying out the traction rope group:

1. Responsible for the installation of the hoop clamp and the pay-off pulley of the tower to be erected for a reel of optical cables;

2. Spread the traction rope tower by tower and connect it with anti-twist connectors;

3. Use a portable winch or a motorized winch to lift the traction rope to a safe distance from the ground and then approach the anchor.

When the traction rope is lifted into the air, the working group must check whether there is any phenomenon of pulley jumping and non-rotation, whether the traction rope has friction, towers and obstacles, and whether there is a phenomenon of pulling up, and take remedial measures in time. If the pulley envelope angle is too small, a series pulley must be attached, and the tightening line group should be notified in time, because these faults will also occur during the pulling process of the optical cable.

4. If special terrain is found, the abnormal changes of the line must be reported to the person in charge of construction, and the person in charge of the safety supervision coordination group and the cable exhibition and tightening group shall be notified. And sent the left-behind personnel to monitor the pulling work of the optical cable, and immediately stopped pulling if any abnormal situation was found.

The tasks of the optical cable exhibition and tightening line group:

1. Responsible for the layout of traction field, tension field and cable reel;

2. Responsible for pulling optical cables and tightening cables;

3. Responsible for the installation of optical cable fittings.

4. Responsible for arranging the stretch field in the transition field, and preparing for the work of pulling the optical cable tomorrow.

3.2 Technical preparation 1. Before the erection construction, the technical preparations mainly include:

1. Carry out line investigation, focusing on the investigation of crossing over and obstacles.

2. To prepare technical measures for erection construction, including construction calculation.

3. Technical disclosure of the erection works.

2. The purpose of the line survey is to provide a basis for the preparation of erection technical measures. The main items are:

1. Traffic and terrain conditions along the route;

2. Obstacles in the line passage;

3. The situation of crossing and crossing along the line should include the owner of the object to be crossed and its on-site conditions, etc.;

3. The requirements for compiling "Technical Measures for Architectural Construction" are:

1. The preparation of technical measures for erection construction must be based on the design and construction drawings;

2. It should be written by technicians with experience in rack construction. The writer must participate in the on-site investigation, be familiar with the site conditions, and be familiar with the design drawings and documents.

3. The contents of the technical measures for the erection construction include: the relevant instructions for the erection construction; the observation method of the tightening line and the slack of the wire; the installation drawing of the fittings; the configuration table of the cable reel and the fittings; the detailed list of the tower; , site layout, tool configuration, operating requirements, quality standards and safety measures.

4. The slack value of the observation file in the tensile section should be calculated in the construction calculation of the erection.

5. The contents of making the pay-off work diagram include: tower gear number, gear distance, cross-over, etc. The focus is on the layout of the stretch field, the control value of the traction force and the tension.

4. After the preparation of "Technical Measures for Rack Construction", it can only be implemented after the approval of construction supervisors and factory supervisors and the approval of the production director (or chief engineer). Before construction, a comprehensive technical disclosure must be made to the construction workers.

3.3 Preparation of basic construction tools

1. Before erection, the equipment should be prepared. The main contents are:

1. According to the determined construction organization and construction method, prepare a list of machinery and tools.

2. Count on-site machines and tools according to the machine tool list, and supplement the shortage in time to ensure that the number of machines and tools meets the construction needs.

3. Clean up and inspect construction equipment. All equipment must be tested in accordance with the requirements of safety regulations to ensure that the quality of construction equipment is qualified, especially the insulation inspection of insulating traction ropes.

4. All mechanical equipment, such as tractor, tensioner, brake cable frame, motorized winch, etc., must be checked and maintained before construction. Make sure the device is in good condition.

5. The pay-off pulley must be inspected, repaired and maintained one by one to ensure that the components are complete and the rotation is flexible.

6. Communication tools must be checked one by one to ensure sufficient power.

7. The safety protection appliance should be managed by a special person, and the test should be carried out according to the regulations during use.

2. Each construction team must have the following basic construction equipment

1. A tensioner (or a pay-off frame with a braking force of not less than 1.3KN)

2. One tractor (3T)

3. 17 woven nylon traction ropes (Φ16*200m/piece)

4. 17 anti-twist connectors (1T)

5. 20 nylon pulleys (Φ400mm)

6. 6 nylon pulleys (Φ600mm)

7. 4 hand hoists (1.5T)

8. Wire rope sleeve

9. Silk rope (Φ12mm) 200 meters

10. 10 walkie-talkies (range 5KM)

11. 4 pairs of steel rope jack sets (2 meters)

3. The pay-off tensioner must be of double drum and large drum wheel type. The pulling force of the tractor must be more than 1 ton. If you do not have a tensioner, you can use a double-brake cable reel bracket with a braking force of more than 1.3kN (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

4. There should be no corrosion and damage to the cable pulley. The diameter of the pulley is Φ400mm, and the notch is 40mm. Clean and add appropriate amount of lubricating oil when using. Make sure the pulleys are in good working order. The diameter of the tower pulleys at both ends of the traction field should not be less than 600mm.

5. If there is no special fixture for the optical cable holding fixture used to observe the slack, the temporary anchor wire of the tensile metal fixture with the same type as the optical cable can be used, but the fixture for holding the conductor and the ground wire must not be used on the ADSS optical cable.

3.4 Material Preparation

Before construction, the preparation of erection materials must be done, which includes:

1. Determine the specifications, models and quantities of construction installation materials and consumable materials according to the detailed list of the tower, the optical cable and the hardware configuration table.

2. Use an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to conduct an opening test on the optical cable, check the attenuation index of the optical cable, and check the length of the optical cable.

3. Check the appearance of the received hardware, and if it is found that there is damage such as rust, deformation, cracks, etc., it is strictly prohibited to use it, and the hardware is tested and assembled.

3.5 Selection of Optical Cable Exhibition Venues

1. The construction team sent a full-time person in charge to go to the construction site in advance to inspect the terrain, landform, obstacle crossing and the path of the tower on the day before the installation of the optical cable, and select a reasonable exhibition cable according to the requirements of the Design Institute's "Tower List" site.

2. Key points for site selection: Tension fields and traction fields should try to avoid young crops and garden compensation areas. The front and rear positions of the heightened towers above 36 meters should not be used as stretch sites. The stretch sites should be open areas that can be reached by motor vehicles. . The traction slope of the tensioner, the traction machine and the adjacent first base tower must meet the requirements of 1 (vertical): 4 (horizontal).

3. Site selection under special conditions When the turning angle of the tensile tower is less than 90 degrees, considering that the traction resistance is too large when the optical cable is laid, and the bending force and lateral pressure may damage the optical cable, the segmented traction method should be used. Arrange the cable reel at the turn to pull and release the cable, first pull the longer section of the optical cable in place, then turn to the tensioner, and lay out another shorter section of the optical cable. This method is often used in the construction of the deployment of the incoming optical cable in the substation.

3.6 Requirements and preparations for crossing

1. Crossing the frame. In order to prevent the accidental tension out of control during the unfolding of the traction cable and the tightening process, it is required that all crossing railways, highways and live high-voltage equipment must be set up with crossing frames, and special personnel should be sent to guard the intersections with signal flags.

2. In addition to setting up a spanning frame for spanning according to the conventional method, the method of spanning by using an overhead ground wire can also be used: in the process of laying out the optical cable, there are many and complicated crossover objects under the line. , Because there are more live 10-110KV lines, farmers' plastic greenhouses, railways, highways, etc., there is too much work to do. To sum up, the advantages of existing 110KV-220KV equipment should be fully utilized, that is, the use of overhead ground wires, Hang a slider on it, and spread the optical cable across the obstacles (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

This method can freely control the height and distance of the crossing object, and it is more convenient to pass the guide rope.

In the use of this method, it should be noted that because it is between the two wires, an insulating rope should be used, and the two control ropes should try to control the left and right swing of the cable pulley. When hanging the pulley on the overhead ground wire, there should be anti-induced electric measures (hanging a small ground wire, etc.).

4 Preparations before construction of ADSS optical cable

4.1 Transportation and arrangement of cable reels 1. After the optical cable has passed the single reel inspection, it will be transported to the branches of each construction unit.

2. When transporting from the big branch point to the construction work class branch point, the branch transportation plan should be prepared according to the relay section optical cable distribution table or the relay section distribution plan: fill in the form. The content should include the type, quantity, plate number, transportation time, storage location, transportation route, person in charge of the work, and transportation safety measures. After transporting from the branch point to the cable laying point, it will be handed over to the construction class. The construction team shall fix the ground anchor before wiring, and install the rotator and braided wire pliers. Generally, the work plan should be combined with the distribution diagram, and the project lead work should be arranged.

3. Special personnel should be responsible for branch transportation, and should understand the safety knowledge of optical cables, be familiar with transportation routes, conduct safety education for participants in transportation and related personnel, check and formulate safety measures, and ensure the safety of people, optical cables, vehicles and equipment in branch transportation. Safety.

4. When the crane is loading and unloading the cable drum, the wire rope should be passed through the axis of the cable drum, or the steel rod should be passed through the axis of the cable drum, and then put on the steel wire rope for hoisting. When the car crane is working, it is forbidden to load and unload the optical cable reel in an unbalanced state. When loading and unloading manually, thick ropes should be used for lifting and unloading, and the width of both sides of the springboard must be wider than the cable tray. When there is no springboard, artificial sand and mounds can be used instead of the springboard. However, the rope reel must be pulled with a rope to avoid damage caused by rolling and impact during loading and unloading.

5. When the optical cable is unloaded from the vehicle, it shall not fall to the ground.

6. The optical cable reel shall not roll on the ground for a long distance. When short-distance scrolling is required, the scrolling direction moves from the B-end direction to the A-end direction. (The fibers are arranged clockwise as end A, and vice versa as end B).

Seven, the optical cable storage site should be safe and reliable. If the optical cable transported to the laying site cannot be laid on the same day, it should be transported back in time or a special person should be sent to take care of it.

8. For the cable reels transported to the construction site, the reel number must be correct, and the outgoing direction and the laying direction of the ends of the optical cables should be confirmed before they can be released (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

9. After the cable reel is erected, the outgoing end must be drawn out from the top of the cable reel.

4.2 The positioning and direction of the optical cable in the power line 1. The principle of determining the positioning and direction of the optical cable:

1. The optical cable is hung on the outside of the tower.

2. When the line turns, the optical cable should be hung on the inner corner of the line turning.

3. Under normal circumstances, the optical cable is hung on the right side of the line forward direction (the direction in which the tower number increases).

4. The entire cable between the two splice boxes must be on the same side of the line.

5. When the line turning and the advancing direction of the line do not meet the requirements of the direction of the optical cable, the optical cable can be adjusted to the left side of the line, but the entire cable between the two splice boxes must be adjusted.

4.3 Deployment of optical cable guide ropes

1. Preparations for laying out optical cable guide ropes

1. The relevant personnel of the construction should have a comprehensive understanding of the construction site on the previous day, including: the tension field, the traction field, the roads for vehicles entering and leaving each road section, and the crossing objects (and make a construction method for crossing the road crossing objects), Preparation of construction equipment. Only after the above work has been done enough, the cable exhibition work can be carried out.

2. Since the construction is carried out on the live line, in order to ensure the safety of the construction, the construction can be carried out in a low-hanging method in the area with good conditions (plain, hilly), that is, the construction is carried out in a place 4-5 meters lower than the design hanging point. The deployment of the guide rope, the pulling of the optical cable, the installation of the tightening line and the optical cable hardware, and then the optical cable is lifted to the design hanging point and fixed. This method must pay attention to the drop size of the entire cable should be consistent.

2. Exhibition of optical cable guide ropes:

The guide ropes we use are generally Φ16 braided non-twist nylon ropes of 200 meters each. In order to achieve the best exhibition (saving labor and rope), the rope should be arranged roughly once according to the pitch of the tower schedule on the previous day. During the construction, each bundle of ropes will be allocated according to the discharge location, and will be displayed in groups at the same time. After unfolding, each section of the traction rope will be connected with the anti-twist device, and then lifted into the air.

3. Matters needing attention when laying out optical cable guide ropes

1. When doing this work, it should be noted that since the guide ropes that are laid out should be perpendicular to the overhead ground wire as much as possible, the connection between the two guide ropes should be carefully inspected to check whether the steel ring connecting the two ropes and the anti-twist device is open-welded or not. If the phenomenon is found, remedial measures should be taken in time. During the exhibition, necessary measures should be taken to cross the ditch and river to prevent water from entering the insulating rope and reduce the insulation level.

2. When the guide rope passes through the corner tower, special attention should be paid to monitoring the operation of the pulley, and immediate remedial measures should be taken for the deflection of the pulley and the twisting of the cable caused by turning.

3. When the traction rope spreads over the tower, first put the traction rope over several tens of meters, then let the traction rope loosen, and use the insulating transfer rope to hoist the traction rope to the tower and pass through the pulley. When paying off the line, one person should be set up every 1-3 base poles to monitor. If it is found that the hanger, the jumping, the card line, the pulley change is not working properly, or the pulley is twisting the lead rope, etc., the traction should be stopped immediately to eliminate the fault, because in the future fiber optic cable traction Such failures will also occur in the process, so we must not take it lightly and take precautions before it happens.

4. It is forbidden to take the curved line: when the traction rope is displayed through the economic garden, it must go in a straight line to avoid economic losses caused by hanging trees. When the traction rope passes through the corner tower, special attention should be paid to monitoring the operation of the pulley, and immediate remedial measures should be taken for the phenomenon that the pulley is skewed and twisted due to turning (public account: transmission and distribution lines).

5. When the traction rope passes through low-voltage power lines and communication lines, first use a thin insulated guide rope to cross the line, and then use this guide rope to extradite the traction rope across the line. Note that if the traction rope and guide rope are soaked in water and damp, their insulation resistance may drop to zero. The construction team must pay attention to construction safety to prevent electric injury from hurting people.

4.4 Pulling and Spreading of Optical Cables

1. Production of traction end

1. At present, a 3-meter-long mesh sleeve made of steel wire rope is commonly used to connect the optical cable head. A section of steel wire rope with good hardness is Φ12 in diameter and about 3 meters in length. Make a plug-in rope sleeve at one end of the rope head, tie it with iron wire at the rope sleeve, spread out the other strands and wrap them around the optical cable in a tie-in method. The winding distance is generally about 2m-2.5m, and the cross pitch is 100mm. -120mm, tie it firmly with iron wire at the end and end.

2. Because the non-insulated part at the front end of the 3-meter-long mesh sleeve braided by the steel wire rope is too long, when it crosses the live wire, it is easy to cause a short circuit to the live body under special circumstances. For the above situation, it is best to use the aramid fiber braiding of the optical cable itself. It can be used as a traction head and connected with the anti-twist device. This method has strong pulling force and good insulation performance. It is recommended to be widely used.

Its production method:

1. After the cable reel is placed at the construction site, peel off the outer sheath of the optical cable head for 3 to 4 meters, then cut off the polyethylene inner sheath and all the internal parts, leaving only the aramid fiber part.

2. Then divide it into 3 strands and braid it into Fang Lunsi braids

3. Insert the anti-twist device and tie the knot as shown in the figure below.

2. Safety precautions for fiber optic cable exhibition

The fiber optic cable exhibition adopts the tension traction method, the traction method, and the extradition method, and the construction is carried out without power failure. The construction team must implement the high-altitude safety monitoring system and the high-altitude work tool inspection system, and implement the work of safe construction. For the construction of important crossovers and dangerous areas, corresponding special safety measures shall be formulated. When a stop command is received, the tractor should be stopped first and then the tensioner.

3.Precautions for traction equipment: The traction machine and the tension machine should be arranged along the long line of the line outside the towers at both ends of the tension section. The inclination angle between the equipment and the adjacent tower pay-off pulley, the maximum horizontal angle should not be greater than 27°, and the optimal traction slope is 1 (vertical): 4 (horizontal). If limited by terrain and features, the pulley on the tower can be appropriately moved down until the above conditions are met, so as to ensure that the optical cable is not damaged during the deployment process.

4. If the construction team does not have a tension pay-off machine, a cable pay-off reel bracket with braking force can also be used to replace the tension pay-off machine. The tractor generally uses a motorized winch or a tractor with a winch. In the process of exhibition, one is tension and the other is traction, and both parties should cooperate well. Since the tension of the cable reel bracket with braking force has no mark, it depends on the law and experience, especially the tension machine, the speed of the winch is slow during the initial release, and it will speed up with the deployment, so the operator is required to The slack of the previous gear is used to adjust the braking force of the wire disc. The tractor should maintain an average speed, and the traction speed is generally controlled at about 2 kilometers per hour. The distance between the optical cable and the ground is generally 5-6 meters.

5. The communication during towing must be smooth, and an experienced safety supervisor should be assigned to follow the towing end of the optical cable to check the crossings, obstacles, crossings, sharp turns, etc. along the way, and stop the towing at any time if any abnormality is found. , troubleshooting.

6. Site selection under special conditions When the turning angle of the tension tower is less than 90°, considering that the traction resistance is too large when the optical cable is laid, and the bending force and lateral pressure may damage the optical cable, the segmented traction method should be used to arrange the cable tray. Pull and lay down the cable at the turn, first pull the longer section of the optical cable in place, then turn to the tensioner, and lay out another shorter section of the optical cable. This method is often used in the construction of the deployment of the incoming optical cable in the substation.

4.5 Slack observation of optical cable

1. The person in charge of observing the slack should arrive at the designated tower in advance to prepare for the tightening work.

2. The slack of the optical cable should meet the design requirements. Too large or too small slack will reduce the safety factor of the optical cable line. (If the slack is too small, it is easy to break the line when the temperature drops or the icing is too large; if the slack is too large, the phenomenon of phase line whiplash and mechanical fatigue failure will occur.)

3. Selection of observation files

In the continuous gears of the tension section, the middle gear or the larger gear distance close to the middle gear and the smaller height difference of the suspension points are selected as the observation gear. If the number of gears is 7-15 gears, two observation gears should be selected at both ends. Except for special circumstances, it is not advisable to observe within the span with tension bars (public account: transmission and distribution lines).

Fourth, the isometric method to observe the relaxation

This method is one of the most commonly used observation methods, and has the advantages of easy mastery and high accuracy. The specific operation method is: measure a length f downward from the suspension points of the A and B rods in the observation gear, and bind two horizontal observation plates at f. The relaxation time is the required f value.

Five, the different length method to observe the relaxation

When the height difference between the suspension points of the overhead line of the observation gear is large, in order to ensure that the tangent point of the line of sight is close to the lowest point of the slack, the different-length method needs to be used at this time.

The so-called different-length method not only observes the slack at the two ends of the slack plate, but also observes the slack at different heights.

4.6 Tightening construction of optical cable

1. Before tightening the line, check whether the fiber optic cable is damaged, whether there is no obstacle or entanglement at the crossover, whether the traction field is ready, whether the slack observation personnel are in place, whether the communication equipment is in good condition, and whether the tightening personnel and the Whether the tool is ready. If the overhead lines on the other side of the two sections of the tension section are already tight, there is no need to set up temporary cables to prevent the tower from being deformed by force. Otherwise, it is necessary to set a temporary cable.

Second, the method of tightening the line

1. The tightening line adopts the single-line multiple tightening method

After the optical cable is pulled in place, make a tension clamp on the opposite end of the tensioner, and the Panasonic optical cable is hung on the first base rod at the tensioner end.

2. Before tightening the cable, pull out the remaining cable until the overhead cable in front is about 2-3 meters away from the ground, and directly put on the cable tightening fixture to pull the equipment to pull the optical cable to tighten the cable.

If there is no special clamp for tightening the wire, you can also temporarily replace it with a tension fitting, and then hang the tension gauge to start tightening the wire.

3. When the tightening of the overhead cable is close to the slack value, the speed should be slowed down or even stopped, and the slack should be adjusted by changing the bracelet hoist to make the slack value meet the predetermined requirements. Then wait for half a minute and you can mark on the operating rod when there is no change. If there is a large error in the tension gauge, the slack shall prevail.

4. The marking should be printed with a red stroke, and then wrap black tape on the side of the marking.

5. After the imprint is made, you can directly install the hardware on the operating tower at the traction end at one time, or you can put down the optical cable and install the hardware before tightening the wire and hanging the cable.

3. The last installation method of the rod:

It is generally used in tension rods that are more complicated to span and cannot put down the optical cable. After the slack of the optical cable is observed and marked, the tightening personnel install the tension-resistant fittings on the tower. At this time, it is best to use a tension-resistant flat ladder or ladder head. The operation is carried out by two people. The direction of the pre-twisted wire movement should always be Consistent with the direction of the optical cable, do not move up and down perpendicular to the optical cable, resulting in the reduction of the safe distance from the wire, and the range of personnel activities should be reduced as much as possible. Always ensure a safe distance of 1.5 meters for 110KV and 3.0 meters for 220KV with live objects. The guardian should carefully monitor and correct the incorrect actions of the staff on the tower at any time.

4. Multiple tightening method

This method is used in areas with good terrain. It should be noted that the optical cable should not slide on the ground to avoid wearing the outer sheath (public account: transmission and distribution lines).

a. After the optical cable is pulled in place, the tension machine end is made with tension accessories, and then hanged on the tension tower.

b. Pulled by the tension machine, after observing the slack, mark it, loosen the optical cable, and make the tension-resistant fittings on both sides on the ground (the length of the middle drainage line should be left enough, and the iron tower should be the tower at the hanging point 11/2 the length of the body). Do not install the shock absorber on the tension field side first. After the tension field side tension device passes the pulley, stop traction, install the shock absorber, and then hang the tension field side tension device. The tractor loosens and hangs up the tensile equipment on the tractor side. Then pull to observe the slack, scribble, make tensile equipment, hang the finished optical cable, and repeat.

4.7 Installation method of optical cable fittings

1. The length of the optical cable fittings is related to the structural strength of the optical cable. Optical cables of different structures have different design requirements for their gold. Optical cables with the same diameter are not necessarily the same hardware. Therefore, the hardware must be configured according to the original design requirements.

2. After the installation of the static end fittings is completed, since the optical cable needs to be assembled after the sag adjustment is completed, the hanging fittings need to be assembled. Improper operation may endanger personal safety. In order to ensure the safety of the staff, when assembling the hanging hardware, the tightened optical cable and the insulated wire for the pulley can be lowered for 4 meters. After the optical cable hardware is assembled at the place, it can be lifted to the hanging point and connected. If the optical cable is not easy to fall due to cross-over and other reasons, the construction personnel of the tower assembly hardware should be operated by two people. The direction of the pre-twisted wire movement should always be consistent with the direction of the optical cable, and it should not move up and down perpendicular to the optical cable, causing the wire The safety distance should be reduced, and the scope of personnel activities should be reduced as much as possible.

3. The hardware of ADSS optical cable mainly includes:

1) Tension-resistant fittings, 2) Suspension fittings, 3) Shock absorbers, 4) Guide wire clips

4. Tension-resistant fittings

The role of tensile fittings: Tensile fittings are mainly installed on terminal towers and tensile towers. For special line sections, tension fittings are used on linear towers to form a straight-line tensile method through connecting plates.

1. The basic components of tensile fittings:

①⑤ U-ring ②Connecting plate ③Heart-shaped ring ④Inner and outer pre-twisted wire

For different hardware manufacturers, there are certain differences in the number of parts, but the number of basic parts is the same.

2. Installation method of tension-resistant fittings:

Step 1: Install the inner layer pre-twisted wire. The installation position shall be installed after adjusting the sag and tension of the optical cable. Both ends of the pre-twisted wire should be flush.

Step 2: Install the outer pre-twisted wire. During installation, the outer layer of pre-twisted wire has a paint mark in the middle, which means that the two ends of the outer layer of pre-twisted wire are wound symmetrically.

Step 3: Install the Heart Ring. The installation location is at the paint in the middle of the outer pre-twisted wire.

Step 4: Install the first U-ring.

Step 5: Install the connecting plate.

Step 6: Install the second U-ring.

Five, hanging hardware

The role of the hanging fittings: the hanging fittings are mainly installed on the linear towers. For some corner towers, when the rotation angle is less than or equal to 15°, the hanging fittings can also be used.

The basic components of hanging fittings:

①U-ring ②Rubber bushing, suspension clamp ③④Inner layer pre-twisted wire and outer layer pre-twisted wire

For different hardware manufacturers, there are certain differences in the number of parts, but the number of basic parts is the same.

1. Installation method of hanging fittings:

Step 1: Install the inner layer pre-twisted wire. There is a paint mark in the middle of the inner layer pre-twisted wire. This mark is symmetrical at both ends of the pre-twisted wire. A suspension clip is installed at the mark, and both ends of the installed inner layer of pre-twisted wire should be flush.

Step 2: Install the rubber bushing. Installed at the paint in the middle of the inner pre-twisted wire.

Step 3: Install the outer pre-twisted wire. There is paint in the middle of the outer pre-twisted wire, and this paint point should be consistent with the paint point in the middle of the inner layer of pre-twisted wire.

Step 4: Install the suspension clamps.

Step 5: Install the U-ring.

Six, shock absorber

The role of the shock absorber: the shock absorber is mainly installed at both ends of the tower, and the number of its installation depends on the span of the line. Mainly play a role in reducing the vibration of the optical cable.

1. The basic components of the shock absorber:

The basic component of the shock absorber is the pre-twisted shock absorber, as shown in the figure above (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

2. Installation method of shock absorber:

When installing the shock absorber, it should be noted that the small end of the shock absorber faces the direction of the tower, and 1-3 shock absorbers can be installed in the same place. 10-15cm. If there are more than three, the distance from the front shock absorber should be 10-15cm and arrange them in turn.

Seven, guide wire clip

The role of the guide wire clip: the guide wire clip is mainly installed on the tower with tension-resistant fittings, which plays the role of fixing the optical cable.

1. The basic components of the guide wire clip:

1) Fixed rubber lining

2) U-ring fixed on the tower

2. Installation method of guide wire clip:

1) On the tension tower with optical cable joint, in principle, every interval is 1.5-2.0 as a guide wire clip.

2) On the tension tower without optical cable joints, two guide wire clips should be installed to fix the optical cable and prevent the optical cable from scratching the outer sheath of the optical cable due to shaking at the tower.

3) On the terminal tower, several guide wire clips are used to fix the optical cable on the tower because the optical cable goes to the ground.

4.8 Handling method of ADSS optical cable surplus cable

After the suspension of the ADSS optical cable is completed, and the installation of the static end fittings is completed, the remaining optical cables (tensile cement poles and iron towers) special down-conductors must be clamped along the tensile pole and tower at intervals of 1.5-2m. Install a pair of redundant cable storage racks on the cement poles and iron towers, 10m above the ground, and hang the optical cables to be spliced ​​on the storage racks.

5 Matters needing attention in the construction of optical cable

5.1 Precautions during construction

1. After receiving the cable reel, check whether the appearance is damaged or not, and then remove the nails and burrs on the side of the reel, so as to avoid scratching the optical cable when placing the cable.

2. The pulley groove of the traction cable should be able to pass through the anti-twist device, and the width of the groove is about 40mm.

3. A lifting block or a control block should be installed on the tower that is pulled up.

4. When releasing the traction rope, check the pulling condition of the line, remove the hanging sundries when the traction rope is lifted, and deal with the failure of the rope skipping and the pulley not turning.

5. When the optical cable is being pulled, it is forbidden to drag the optical cable on the ground, and it is forbidden to twist the optical cable. When crossing the intersection, the cable must be equipped with a crossover device to avoid being crushed by vehicles or trampled by pedestrians.

6. When pulling the optical cable in normal terrain, the distance to the ground should not be less than 5 meters; the clearance distance over the top of the frame should not be less than 1 meter; when the pulling end passes over the pulley, the jumping range of the slip should not exceed 2 meters. When the distance to the ground is not enough and a larger tension must be used to pay off the cable, a traction overload safety setting device should be used to control the traction optical cable. When the overload safety value is reached, the traction should be stopped to prevent excessive stretching of the optical cable.

7. The pulling speed of the optical cable should not be too fast, and it should be controlled within 2km/h. When there are 6 laps left of the optical cable on the cable reel, the traction is stopped to prevent the occurrence of running line accidents (public account: transmission and distribution lines).

Eight, the optical cable installation and fixing bolts must be firm, and the end of the screw rod should be roughened or coated with white lead oil to prevent it from loosening due to wind vibration.

9. The traction site is generally located in the place where the ascending tower, the large turning tower and the tension section are all straight towers. The traction site is generally length × width = 35 × 25m, and the traction slope is preferably greater than 15 degrees, with a ratio of 1:4 The slope is appropriate, and the transposition tower, called a tower with a height of more than 36m, should not be used as a traction site.

10. When there is a big turning angle, a sharp turn or the cable reel is too old, the ∞-shaped cable must be used for the unfolding of the optical cable. The characteristic of the ∞ word pouring method is that the poured optical cable has no torsional force. This method is divided into the ∞ word tiling method and the ∞ word stacking method. The ∞ word tiling method is used in a relatively open area of ​​the construction site, and it is not easy to cause wire entanglement accidents with mechanical traction. The ∞ word stacking method is used in small sites, generally 6-7 stacks per kilometer, and they are bundled and easy to move.

11. Construction methods not approved by professional engineers are prohibited to be used.

12. When the ADSS optical cable spans 110KV lines, highways and railways, the work of observing the slippage of the tight line and installing the tension-resistant fittings of the spanning section must be completed on the same day. Do not leave the cable at anchor overnight.

13. The place where the pull-up rod is installed with the line-pressing pulley should be kept under the supervision of a special person. If the pull-up phenomenon disappears, the line-pressing pulley should be removed quickly to prevent the pulley from falling down and hanging on the optical cable.

5.2 Determination of responsibility for construction accidents

In order to ensure the construction quality of ADSS optical cable, according to the factors that may cause damage to the optical cable, the accident responsibility items are listed, so as to supervise the accident responsibility due to violation of regulations.

The service life of the intact optical cable can reach more than 25 years. However, the actual service life of the optical cable line mainly depends on the construction quality. ADSS optical cables operate in the high field strength environment of high-voltage transmission lines, and are completely exposed to the field environment. They are constantly affected by chemical corrosion such as ultraviolet rays, temperature differences, acid rain, and static electricity. The fiber itself is also very fragile. Therefore, it is extremely important to formulate preventive measures to prevent ADSS optical cables from being damaged during construction. The following circumstances are construction liability accidents:

1. Scratches and scratches

(1) The iron nails and concave sharp objects on the edge of the cable reel will damage the cable sheath when the cable is placed.

(2) Use pulleys with rust and damage to damage the optical cable.

(3) The cornices, courtyard walls, and barbed wire of houses are hung and scratched by optical cables.

(4) The cable run accident when the tail rope is out of control and the cable reel is about to be finished wears down the optical cable.

(5) When pulling the optical cable, the optical cable is wet and slipped on the tensioner reel, and the optical cable is worn.

(6) When pulling the optical cable, the pulley opening is loose, and the optical cable falls to the ground to drag the worn optical cable.

(7) Use a screwdriver to pry the optical cable when installing the hardware.

2. Excessive bending and lateral pressure:

(1) The optical cable is damaged by the rolling of the vehicle on the ground.

(2) Use power line wires or ground wire clamps to hold the optical cable when anchoring the wire.

(3) When pulling the optical cable, the force on the optical cable is suddenly large and small, and the phenomenon of small circles and golden hooks occurs.

(4) Improper selection of the traction rope will cause torsion and stress on the optical fiber (although the operation of the cable sheath is not large, the transmission loss of the optical fiber will increase sharply).

(5) The turning angle of the traction cable is too small, and protective measures are not taken in time.

(6) When pulling the ultra-high tower, the diameter of the pulley is too small, and the envelope angle of the optical cable is too small, resulting in excessive lateral pressure or bending limit and damage to the optical cable.

(7) The inclination of the traction pulley is improper, which causes the optical cable to walk on the side of the wheel groove and generates torsion, which makes the optical fiber in the loose tube form a spiral.

3. The position of the optical cable suspension point is wrong:

(1) The field voltage at the suspension point of the optical cable exceeds the specified value.

(2) The suspension point of the optical cable of the transposition tower is improper, and the distance between the optical cable and the phase line is less than the safe distance.

(3) The safety distance of the optical cable to the ground and crossing is not enough.

(4) The angle of the corner tower pulley is improper, causing friction between the optical cable and the tower.

4. Accidents caused by cable running:

(1) The number of turns of the optical cable on the reel is less than 5 turns.

(2) The ground anchor moves.

(3) The tail rope is out of control (caused by the inattention of personnel).

(4) The pulling end enters the pulling drum.

5. Causes excessive traction tension:

(1) The communication command is ineffective, the timing is delayed or the order is wrong.

(2) The phenomenon of fiber optic cable hopping and cable jamming.

(3) The tension reel and the optical cable reel are twisted and knotted.

(4) When the optical cable is pulled, it is hooked by crossing obstacles.

6. Electric damage:

(1) When pulling the optical cable, the optical cable will contact the charged body after being soaked in water and damp, and the optical cable will be burned out (the resistance of the optical cable surface can be reduced to zero after the surface is damp, and a corona arc flash accident may occur).

(2) When installing the fittings, wrap the protective cable branches to catch the live body.

7. The fiber enters the water and is damp:

The end of the optical cable and the splice box are not well sealed and damp, leaving the hidden danger of static fatigue, which gradually increases the transmission loss of the optical fiber.

8. Biological destruction:

Measures must be taken at the lead-off point of the substation structure and the entrance of the trench to prevent squirrels, mice and termites from biting off the optical cable.

9. Observation Chi

If the sag deviation of the optical cable is too large, if the sag is too small, the operating stress will be too large. If the sag is too large, the wind swing will cause mechanical fatigue damage to the optical cable.

6 Safety measures for optical cable construction

6.1 Safety Management of Optical Cable Erection

1. Working at heights

1. Any work at a location with a fall height of 2 meters and above should be regarded as work at height. Work at heights shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the electrical safety work regulations.

2. Personnel participating in high-altitude work should undergo a physical examination. Persons suffering from illnesses that are not suitable for working at heights are not allowed to work at heights.

3. When working without scaffolding or on scaffolding without obstruction, and the height exceeds 1.5m, qualified safety belts must be used. Seat belts (ropes) must be fastened to solid components and must not be hung low or high.

4. Tools and materials used for high-altitude operations should be placed in tool bags or tied with ropes; objects to be passed up and down should be hoisted with ropes, and throwing is strictly prohibited.

5. Workers at heights must not lose their protection when transferring their working positions, and the components they hold must be firm.

6. In severe weather such as strong winds of level 6 and above, as well as heavy rain, thunder, and heavy fog, open-air high-altitude operations should be stopped (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

7. When working at heights near live objects, the minimum safe distance from live objects must meet the requirements in the table below. If the requirements cannot be met in special circumstances, reliable safety technical measures must be taken, and the construction can be carried out only after the approval of the chief engineer.

2. Cross-line frame erection

1. When crossing transmission lines, communication lines, railways, highways and other sections, a qualified line crossing frame should be erected. A conspicuous warning sign should be hung on the cross-line stand. Important over-the-wire racks should be accepted before they can be used.

2. A safety guardian should be set up when erecting or dismantling the cross-line frame.

3. When setting up a cross-line rack that crosses important facilities, you should contact the unit that is crossed over the facility in advance, and if necessary, ask it to send personnel to supervise and inspect.

3. Mechanical traction and pay-off

1. The communication must be quick, clear and unobstructed when releasing the line; if semaphore is used, the flag bearer should stand in a position where the front and back can be seen clearly and the semaphore must be unified. It is strictly forbidden to release the line without communication and unclear vision. .

2. Appearance inspection should be carried out before the pay-off pulley is used; the pay-off pulley with the door opening device must have door insurance.

3. The reel frame should be stable, flexible in rotation and reliable in braking.

4. At the place where the wire reel or coil is displayed, a special person should be set up to transmit the signal.

5. The operator shall not stand in the coil to operate. When the spool or loop is nearly finished, the pulling speed should be slowed down.

6. When the low-voltage line or weak current line needs to be disconnected, the consent of the relevant unit should be obtained in advance. The disconnection of low-voltage lines must comply with the relevant regulations on power outages; there should be measures to prevent poles from tipping when disconnecting.

7.When erecting optical cables, in addition to setting up guardians at the towers, special persons should be assigned to guard the houses, intersections, river ponds, exposed rocks, crossing frames and places with many people and animals.

8. When the optical cable is blocked by an obstacle, the operator must stand on the outside of the wire bend and use tools to handle it, and cannot directly push or pull it by hand (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

9. The lead rope for crossing the pulley should be selected according to the specifications of the optical cable; the connection between the lead rope and the thread head should be firm. Construction personnel shall not stand vertically below the optical cable.

10. Mechanical traction and pay-off shall comply with the following regulations:

(1) The deployment of the traction rope should be carried out in accordance with the safety regulations for manual release.

(2) Special connection tools should be used for the connection of the traction rope. The connection between the traction rope and the optical cable should use the connection net sleeve or the connection method approved by the person in charge of construction.

4. Tension pay-off

1. The safety factor of guide rope and traction rope shall not be less than 3.

2. The following regulations should be observed when turning the traction yard:

(1) Use a special steering block and the anchoring must be reliable.

(2) The load of each steering pulley shall be balanced and shall not exceed the allowable bearing capacity.

(3) During the towing process, no one is allowed inside the area enclosed by each steering pulley.

3. The pre-tilt pulley of the corner tower and the pressure line pulley at the rising place must be supervised by a special person.

4. The end connection parts of the guide rope, the traction rope, the rotating connector and the anti-bending connector should be checked by a special person before use; the use of wire rope damage, pin deformation, surface cracks, etc. is strictly prohibited.

5. Before the tension pay-off, the following work should be checked by a special person:

(1) The anchorage of traction equipment and tension equipment must be reliable and well grounded.

(2) The wire-crossing frame structure in the stretch section should be firm and reliable.

(3) The communication contact point shall not be absent.

(4) The pre-tilt measures for the pay-off pulley of the corner tower and the line-pressing measures where the traction rope rises must be reliable.

(5) The grounding measures for cross, parallel or adjacent live objects must comply with the provisions of safe construction technology.

6. The tension pay-off must have a reliable communication system. The traction field and the tension field must be commanded by special personnel.

7. When receiving a stop signal from any post during traction, the traction must be stopped immediately; the tensioner must be operated according to the instructions of the on-site commander.

8. Safety measures for anchoring must be taken if the tension of the wire or the traction rope is overnight.

9. It is strictly forbidden for the rotary connector to directly enter the traction wheel or reel.

10. If the guide rope, traction rope or optical cable jumps during the traction process, it must be stopped immediately.

11. When the guide rope, traction rope or optical cable is near anchor, its near anchor tension shall not be less than the tension when the distance to the ground is 5 meters, and at the same time, it shall meet the requirements for the distance of the object to be crossed.

5. Cable lift-off

1. A wire crimping device must be used for the lift-off operation, and it is strictly forbidden to use human power to crimp the wire directly.

2. The lifting operation of the optical cable should be closely coordinated with the tightening operation and carried out one by one; there should be no one on the inner corner of the cable during the lifting operation in the corner tower.

3. When the lift-off site is in a ravine, the lift-off rope should be of sufficient length.

6. Tight line

1. The preparation work for tightening the wire should comply with the following regulations:

(1) On-site layout and selection of tools and equipment shall be carried out according to the provisions of construction technical measures.

(2) The components of the tower should be complete, and the bolts should be tightened.

(3) Temporary pulling and reinforcement measures for the tight wire tower and the preparation for anchoring of the wire and the ground wire should be completed.

2. The horizontal distance between the traction anchor pile and the tight line pole tower should meet the technical requirements for safe construction; the anchor pile layout should be consistent with the direction of force and be embedded reliably.

3. Before tightening the line, a special person should check the following work:

(1) Communication is smooth.

(2) Obstacles and optical cables should be disposed of.

(3) The safety measures at each crossing are reliable.

4. In the process of tightening the line, guardians should abide by the following regulations:

(1) Do not stand vertically below the suspended traction rope or optical cable.

(2) The person who lays out the remaining line shall not stand in the coil or the inner corner of the line bend.

(3) Do not cross the optical cable that will be off the ground.

(4) Surveillance pedestrians shall not approach the optical cable being towed.

(5) The transmission signal must be timely and clear; no one should leave the post without authorization.

5. A wire clamp should be used to tighten the wire. The specification of the wire clamp must match the wire specification and should not be used as a substitute.

6. The installation of tension clamps should comply with the following regulations:

(1) When installing the tension clamp of the optical cable at a high place, reliable measures to prevent the route must be taken.

(2) When installing on the ground, the anchoring of the optical cable should be reliable, and the anchoring work should be performed by a technician.

7. After hanging the wire, the traction rope should be loosened slowly, and the stress and deformation of the tensile fitting string and the tower should be observed while pulling the wire at a high speed.

8. Before the attachment is installed, the operator must conduct a visual inspection of the special tools and safety appliances. Those who do not meet the requirements are strictly prohibited from using them.

9. When installing accessories on line segment towers that span power lines, railways, highways or navigable rivers, etc., measures to prevent the optical cable from falling must be taken.

Seven, prevent electric shock

1. In order to prevent lightning and electric shock near high-voltage power lines, when installing optical cables on power outages, reliable grounding devices must be installed in accordance with safety technical regulations.

2. The installation of reliable devices shall comply with the following regulations:

(1) The cross-section of the security grounding wire of various equipment and operators shall not be less than 16mm2, and the cross-section of the working grounding wire of the power outage line shall not be less than 25mm2.

(2) The ground wire should be made of textile soft copper wire, and no other wires should be used.

(3) The ground wire should not be wound, but a special fixture should be used, and the connection should be reliable.

(4) The ground rod should be galvanized, the section should not be less than 16mm2, and the depth of insertion into the ground should be greater than 0.6m.

(5) When installing the grounding wire, the grounding terminal must be connected first, followed by the wire or grounding terminal; the order of removal is reversed.

(6) A guardian must be set up when hanging or disconnecting the ground wire; the operator should use an insulating rod (rope) or wear insulating gloves, and wear insulating shoes (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

3. The grounding of accessories should comply with the following regulations:

(1) Security grounding wires must be installed at both ends of the accessory installation operation area.

(2) The operator must install the security grounding wire before installing the accessories.

(3) Before installing the ground wire accessories, grounding measures must be taken, and they can be removed after completion.

6.2 Regulations on safe work for non-power-crossing and power-off operations

1. General provisions for uninterrupted power crossing

1. When working near a live object, the minimum safe distance between the person and the live object must meet the requirements in the table in 6.1.

2. Insulation tools must be regularly tested for insulation, and their insulation performance should comply with the provisions of Appendix J of Q/CSG 510001-2015 and Appendix D of "State Grid Corporation's Electric Power Safety Work Regulations (Power Grid Construction Part)"; it should be carried out before each use. Visual inspection.

3. The effective length of insulating tools shall not be less than the relevant regulations.

4. During the construction period of the live line being crossed, its automatic reclosing device must be out of operation, and it is strictly forbidden to forcibly transmit electricity when a fault occurs.

5. When working near a live body, insulating ropes must be used to transfer objects up and down, and a special person should be set up to supervise the whole process of operation.

6. It should be stopped in case of dense fog, rain, snow, and wind force above level 5.

2. There are over-the-wire racks without power outages

1. The erection or dismantling of the cross-line frame should be carried out after the power line is crossed.

2. The width of the wire-crossing frame should meet the construction requirements of the optical cable.

3. The minimum safety distance between the over-the-wire frame and the live body shall not be less than the provisions in Table 6 after considering the maximum wind deflection during construction.

4. When crossing the electrified railway, the minimum safe distance between the wire rack and the live body must meet the relevant regulations for the 35KV voltage level.

5. When crossing the non-power-off line, the operator shall not climb or work on the inside of the crossing frame, and it is strictly forbidden to pass through the capping frame.

6. When the optical cable passes through the wire rack, the insulating rope should be used as the guide rope.

3. Power outage operation

1. Before the power outage operation, the construction unit should apply to the operation unit for a power outage application and apply for a work ticket.

2. The work of power outage and power transmission must be designated by a special person. It is strictly forbidden to carry out any work in the form of verbal or appointment power outage and power transmission.

3. Before receiving the power outage work order, it is strictly forbidden for anyone to approach the live object.

4. After receiving the power outage work order, the electricity inspection must be carried out first; the electricity inspection must use a qualified electroscope of the corresponding voltage level. Insulating gloves must be worn and conducted phase by phase during the electric inspection; a special person must be set up to supervise the electric inspection. When there are multi-layer power lines on the same tower, the low-voltage and high-voltage should be a priori, and the lower layer and the upper layer should be a priori.

5. After confirming that there is no voltage in the line, the working grounding wire must be hung at both ends of the operating range immediately, and the three-phase short-circuit must be short-circuited at the same time; any branch line that may transmit power to the power outage line must also be hung with the working grounding wire. When there are multi-layer power lines on the same tower, the low voltage should be connected first, then the high voltage should be connected, and the lower layer should be connected first, and then the upper layer should be connected.

6. When the work is interrupted or overnight, all the working grounding wires in the construction section must be retained; before resuming the operation, it is necessary to check whether the grounding wires are complete and reliable.

7. After the construction is over, the person in charge of the on-site operation must conduct a comprehensive inspection of the site, and wait for all operators (including tools and materials) to evacuate the tower before ordering the removal of the working grounding wire on the power outage. In order to live with electricity, it is strictly forbidden for anyone to enter the live area.

6.3 Regulations on Safety Management of Construction Machinery and Tools

1. General Provisions

1. Machines and tools should be operated by personnel who understand their performance and are familiar with their use. Machine tools should be used in accordance with the factory instructions and regulations. Fixed mechanical equipment shall be randomly equipped with safety operation plates.

2. Machines and tools should be maintained and maintained by special personnel, and should be tested regularly; the test standards should comply with the provisions of Appendix K of Q/CSG 510001-2015 and Appendix E of the State Grid Corporation's Electric Power Safety Work Regulations (Power Grid Construction Part) Trial Implementation.

3. The equipment must be inspected before use, and it is strictly forbidden to use unqualified equipment such as deformation, damage and failure.

4. Machines and tools with teeth, cutting edges and rotating parts should be equipped with protective covers or shields; the rotating parts should be kept lubricated.

5. Various monitoring instruments of equipment, as well as safety devices such as brakes (brakes), limiters, safety valves, and locking mechanisms must be complete and intact.

6. The machine shall not be overhauled or adjusted during operation; when overhaul, adjustment or work is interrupted, its energy shall be disconnected.

2. Tractor and Tensioner

1. Tractors and tensioners that are not bicycles or without shock absorbers should be transported by loading and cutting for long distances; when they are transported in short distances, the driving speed should be limited.

2. Before the tractor and tensioner are transported, the movable parts on the fuselage should be temporarily fixed; when loading and unloading, the special lifting ring of the fuselage should be used for lifting.

3. The hauling footholds of the tractor and tensioner should be connected to the brakes and signal lights between the hauling locomotives, and a guardian should be installed on the main car (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

4. It is strictly forbidden to install rope drums and spools on the towed wire rope reels and spools.

5. The height difference angle between the inlet and outlet of the tractor and the tensioner and the suspension point of the adjacent tower and the included angle with the center line of the line should meet the nameplate requirements of the tractor and the tensioner.

6. Before use, the distribution, anchorage, grounding device and mechanical system of the equipment should be fully checked, and no-load operation test should be carried out.

7. The tractor and tensioner are strictly prohibited from overspeed, overload, overtemperature, overpressure and operation with failure.

Three, small equipment

1. The winch and hoist should be placed stably, the anchorage must be reliable, and there should be no one in front of the force.

2. There should be no less than 2 people pulling the trailing rope, and should be behind the anchor pile, and should not stand in the rope ring.

3. There should be anti-slip measures for the anchorage of the grinding mill.

4. When the twisting mill is under stress, the method of loosening the tail rope shall not be used for unloading.

5. The traction rope should be rolled in from the bottom of the reel and arranged neatly, and the winding should not be less than 5 turns.

6. The use of manpower winch, motor winch and tractor winch shall comply with the following regulations:

(1) The drum must be perpendicular to the traction rope.

(2) The two wheels of the tractor grinder should be on the same level, and the front and rear brackets should be stressed.

7. The use of the winch should comply with the following regulations:

(1) The traction rope should be arranged neatly on the reel, and the number of remaining turns should not be less than 3 turns.

(2) Do not shift gears or change the direction of rotation when the hoist is not completely stopped.

(3) Do not adjust the position of the traction rope on the rotating drum.

(4) The guide pulley should be in the center of the positive reel, and the distance between the pulley and the reel: the smooth reel should not be less than 20 times the length of the reel, and the grooved reel should not be less than the length of the reel.

8. The use of chain hoists should comply with the following regulations:

(1) Check the hook, chain, rotating device and braking device when using the footing point.

(2) It is strictly forbidden to use the hook, sprocket or inverted card deformation, and the chain wear reaches 15% of the diameter.

(3) Brake pads are strictly prohibited from being contaminated with grease.

(4) The lifting chain shall not be twisted, and shall not be split into single strands for use; if the chain is stuck during use, the stressed parts should be sealed before maintenance.

(5) The pulling direction of the hand zipper or wrench should be consistent with the direction of the sprocket groove, and it is not allowed to pull it diagonally; the operator should not stand directly under the hoist.

(6) Do not use overload, and do not increase people's strong pull.

(7) When staying with load for a long time or overnight, the hand zipper or wrench should be tied to the lifting chain, and safety measures should be taken.

9. The use of optical cable connection net sleeves should comply with the following regulations:

(1) The optical cable must be inserted into the net sleeve in place; the length of the optical cable held by the mesh sleeve shall not be less than 60 times the diameter of the optical cable.

(2) The end of the net sleeve should be bound with iron wire, and the binding should not be less than 20 circles.

10. The double hook thread tensioner should be lubricated and maintained regularly. It is strictly forbidden to use if the reversing claw fails, the screw has no safety screw, and the surface is cracked or deformed.

4. Safety protection articles and appliances

1. It is strictly prohibited to purchase and use any safety protection products and appliances without the manufacturer, license number, production date and national appraisal certificate.

2. Special personnel should be assigned to manage safety protective equipment and appliances.

3. Safety protective equipment and utensils shall not be in contact with high temperature, open flame, chemical corrosion and sharp objects; they shall not be used for other purposes.

4. The safety protection articles and appliances shall be tested regularly; the test standards and requirements shall comply with the provisions of Appendix 15.

5. Before each use of safety protection equipment and appliances, a visual inspection must be carried out, and the use of the following conditions is strictly prohibited:

(1) Seat belt (rope): broken strands, mildew, damage or cracks in the iron ring, deformation of the hook, detachment of the suture, etc.

(2) Safety helmet: the cap shell is damaged, the cap lining (cap hoop, top lining, rear hoop) is missing, and the chin strap is missing.

(3) Safety net: severe wear, fracture, mildew, loose connection parts, etc. (public account: power transmission and distribution lines).

(4) Tripod: There are scars on the pedal, broken strands or mildew of the rope, cracks in the hook, etc.

(5) Foot buckle: There are cracks on the surface, the anti-skid lining is broken, the foot cover is incomplete or has scars, etc.

(6) Workbench: No test after processing, cracks in welding, etc.

(7)Electroscope: no withstand voltage test, no indicator light or no sound, etc.